PSG has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to take a shock lead. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.